Ocyte chemotactic protein-3; MCP-5: Monocyte chemotactic protein-5; NA: Noradrenaline; NOS2: Nitric oxide synthase 2 inducible; PCR: Polymerase chain reaction; PGE2: Prostaglandin E2; qPCR: Real-time polymerase chain reaction; qRT-PCR: Real-time reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction; RT-PCR: Reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction; SCYB16: Smaller inducible cytokine subfamily B member 16; SE: Standard error; TNF: Tumor necrosis issue alpha. Competing interests The authors declare that they have no competing interests.2. 3.4.5.six. 7. 8. 9.ten.11.12.13. 14.15.16. Authors’ contributions AH carried out the cell assays, RT-PCR, data acquisition and helped to draft the manuscript. JC, BG and JL contributed to evaluation and interpretation of data, and drafted and critically revised the manuscript. JM performed cell cultures and treatment options, conceived the study, participated in its design and style and coordination, and helped to draft the manuscript. All authors study and authorized the final manuscript. Acknowledgements This function was supported by a grant in the Spanish Ministry of Science and Innovation (SAF2010-21948) to JM. AH can be a fellow of Centro de Investigaci Biom ica en Red de Salud Mental (CIBERSAM), Madrid, Spain. JC and BB are (Juan de la Cierva) and (Ram y Cajal) fellows (Ministerio de Econom y Competitividad), respectively. Author information 1 Departamento de Farmacolog , Facultad de Medicina, Universidad Complutense de Madrid (UCM), Centro de Investigaci Biom ica en Red de Salud Mental (CIBERSAM), Instituto de Investigaci Hospital 12 de Octubre (Imas12), Instituto de Investigaci en Neuroqu ica UCM, Avenida Complutense s/n, Madrid 28040, Spain.Acetosyringone manufacturer 2Departamento de Psiquiatr , Facultad de Medicina, Universidad Complutense de Madrid (UCM), Centro de Investigaci Biom ica en Red de Salud Mental (CIBERSAM), Instituto de Investigaci Hospital 12 de Octubre (Imas12), Instituto de Investigaci en Neuroqu ica UCM, Avenida Complutense s/n, Madrid 28040, Spain.Price of 1783624-20-3 Received: 7 May well 2013 Accepted: 29 June 2013 Published: 9 July 2013 References 1.PMID:23795974 Brunello N, Blier P, Judd LL, Mendlewicz J, Nelson CJ, Souery D, Zohar J, Racagni G: Noradrenaline in mood and anxiousness disorders: standard and clinical research. Int Clin Psychopharmacol 2003, 18:191?02.17.18.19.20.21.22. 23.24.25.McIntyre CK, McGaugh JL, Williams CL: Interacting brain systems modulate memory consolidation. Neurosci Biobehav Rev 2012, 36:1750?762. Morilak DA, Barrera G, Echevarria DJ, Garcia AS, Hernandez A, Ma S, Petre CO: Function of brain norepinephrine in the behavioral response to pressure. Prog Neuropsychopharmacol Biol Psychiatry 2005, 29:1214?224. O’Donnell J, Zeppenfeld D, McConnell E, Pena S, Nedergaard M: Norepinephrine: a neuromodulator that boosts the function of several cell sorts to optimize CNS functionality. Neurochem Res 2012, 37:2496?512. Feinstein DL, Heneka MT, Gavrilyuk V, Dello RC, Weinberg G, Galea E: Noradrenergic regulation of inflammatory gene expression in brain. Neurochem Int 2002, 41:357?65. Weinshenker D: Functional consequences of locus coeruleus degeneration in Alzheimer’s illness. Curr Alzheimer Res 2008, five:342?45. Marien MR, Colpaert FC, Rosenquist AC: Noradrenergic mechanisms in neurodegenerative illnesses: a theory. Brain Res Brain Res Rev 2004, 45:38?8. Gee JR, Keller JN: Astrocytes: regulation of brain homeostasis by means of apolipoprotein E. Int J Biochem Cell Biol 2005, 37:1145?150. Madrigal JL, Leza JC, Polak P, Kalinin S, Feinstein DL: Astrocyte-derived MCP-1 me.